Wednesday, March 18, 2015

Chapter 16 Holt


practice for test and assignmnets

Sylvester Holt Environmental Science Chapter 16

Study online at quizlet.com/_18a2ou
1.Aggregates: sand, grave, and crushed rock
2.Bond: in a bond forfeiture program, a mining company must post funds, called a <>, before a mining project begins
3.Dumps: excess rock from mines is sometimes dumped into large piles
4.EPA: An independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment
5.Evaporties: when the water in these seas or lakes evaporates, deposits of salts are left behind
6.Flux: in the furnace, material called a <> bonds with impurities and separates them from the molten metal
7.forfeiture: Government seizure of property and other assets derived from or used in criminal activity.
8.Gangue Minerals: minerals that have no commercial value
9.Gemstones: some nonmetallic minerals that are prized purely for their beauty, rarity, or durability
10.Hydrothermal Solutions: hot, subsurface waters that contain dissolved minerals
11.Incentive: Anything that offers rewards to people who change their behavior
12.License: A legal document stating that the holder has permission from the proper authorities to carry on a certain trade or profession
13.Longwall: the wall of the seam, may be more than 300m long
14.Mineral: a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties
15.Native elements: the elements gold, silver, and copper are considered minerals
16.Open-pit mining: a method that is often used when large quantities of near-surface ore are mined
17.Ore Minerals: minerals that are valuable and economical to extract
18.Overburden: covered near-surface coal seams
19.Penalty: the act of punishing
20.Reclamation: the process of returning land to its original or better condition after mining is completed
21.Room-And-Pillar Mining: a common method of subsurface mining that is used to extract coal and salt
22.Smelting: crushed ore is melted at high temperatures in furnaces to separate impurities from molten metal
23.Subsidence: the sinking of regions of the ground with little or no horizontal movement
24.Subsurface mining: ore deposits that are usually 50 m or more beneath Earth's surface are mined by using <> methods
25.Surface mining: methods are used when ore deposits are located close to Earth's surface
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Monday, February 23, 2015

Chapter 9 Review


Sylvester Holt Environmental Science Chap 9

Study online at quizlet.com/_16foca
Vocabulary Chapter 9
Practice for Test CHAPTER 9
1.age structure: The classification of members of a population into groups according to age or the distribution of members of a population in terms of age groups.
2.arable land: Farmland that can be used to grow crops.
3.demographic transition: The general pattern of demographic change from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, as observed in the history of more-developed countries.
4.demography: The study of the characteristics of populations, especially human populations.
5.female literacy: linked to reductions in fertility, improved child health, and stronger learning potential
6.fertility rate: The number of births (usually per year) per 1000 women of childberaring age (usually 15 to 44).
7.infrastructure: The basic facilities of a country or region, such as roads, bridges, and sewers.
8.least developed countries: Countries that have been identified by the United Nations as showing the fewest signs of development in terms of income, human resources, and economic diversification.
9.life expectancy: The average length of time that an individual is expected to live.
10.limiting factors: any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms
11.migration: In general, any movement of individuals or populations from one location to another; specifically, a periodic group movement that is characteristic of a given population of species.
12.one child family policy: is a population control policy of the People's Republic of China.
13.survivorship: The percentage of newborn individuals in a population that can be expected to survive to a given age.
14.urban sprawl: The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.
15.urbanization: An increase in the ratio or density of people living in urban areas rather than in rural areas.




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Thursday, January 8, 2015

Holt Chapter 18 Renewable resources

Practice for Renewable Test

Essential Academic Vocabulary:
1. active solar heating: the use of technology to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
2. biofuel: fuel from organic sources
3. biomass energy: the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level
4. biopower: electricity generated by the combustion of organic materials
5. concentrating solar power (CSP): a technology that uses the heat of the sun to generate electricity; mirrors focus the sun's energy, which
is used to heat the water that fuels electric power plants
6. electrolysis: a process that released hydrogen by using an electric current to break down water molecules
7. flat-plate solar collector: a metal box that absorbs the sn's energy to heat water or air
8. fuel cell: a device that converts hydrogen or another fuel into electricity
9. geothermal energy: a type of renewable energy that is generated deep within the earth; produced by the breakdown of radioactive elements
and high pressure together
10. ground source heat pump: a network of pipes that circulated water from the ground (for heating) and back into the ground (for cooling)
11. hydropower: all of the water--salt water and fresh water, in the form of liquid, ice, or vapor--above and below Earth's surface and in the
atmosphere
12. ocean thermal energy conversion: the process of changing the solar energy stored in the ocean to electric power
13. passive solar heating: using the design of a building (versus technology) to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
14. photovoltaic cells: a device that converts solar energy directly into electricity
15. tidal energy: electricity generated from the movement of the tides
16. wind farm: a power plant that uses wind turbines to generate electricity
17. wind turbine: a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy unto electrical energy        

17 Multiple choice questions

  1. a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy unto electrical energy
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  2. the use of technology to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  3. the process of changing the solar energy stored in the ocean to electric power
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  4. a process that released hydrogen by using an electric current to break down water molecules
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  5. a device that converts hydrogen or another fuel into electricity
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  6. fuel from organic sources
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  7. a device that converts solar energy directly into electricity
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  8. a technology that uses the heat of the sun to generate electricity; mirrors focus the sun's energy, which is used to heat the water that fuels electric power plants
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  9. a network of pipes that circulated water from the ground (for heating) and back into the ground (for cooling)
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  10. the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  11. electricity generated from the movement of the tides
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  12. all of the water--salt water and fresh water, in the form of liquid, ice, or vapor--above and below Earth's surface and in the atmosphere
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  13. a metal box that absorbs the sn's energy to heat water or air
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  14. a power plant that uses wind turbines to generate electricity
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  15. electricity generated by the combustion of organic materials
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  16. a type of renewable energy that is generated deep within the earth; produced by the breakdown of radioactive elements and high pressure together
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  
  17. using the design of a building (versus technology) to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
    1.  
    2.  
    3.  
    4.  


17 True/False questions

  1. ground source heat pump → the use of technology to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
           
  2. geothermal energy → electricity generated from the movement of the tides
           
  3. flat-plate solar collector → the use of technology to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
           
  4. photovoltaic cells → a device that converts hydrogen or another fuel into electricity
           
  5. hydropower → electricity generated by the combustion of organic materials
           
  6. passive solar heating → using the design of a building (versus technology) to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
           
  7. fuel cell → fuel from organic sources
           
  8. biofuel → electricity generated by the combustion of organic materials
           
  9. active solar heating → the use of technology to collect, store, and distribute the sun's energy
           
  10. wind turbine → a power plant that uses wind turbines to generate electricity
           
  11. electrolysis → a process that released hydrogen by using an electric current to break down water molecules
           
  12. ocean thermal energy conversion → the process of changing the solar energy stored in the ocean to electric power
           
  13. biopower → electricity generated by the combustion of organic materials
           
  14. biomass energy → electricity generated from the movement of the tides
           
  15. wind farm → a power plant that uses wind turbines to generate electricity
           
  16. concentrating solar power (CSP) → a metal box that absorbs the sn's energy to heat water or air
           
  17. tidal energy → the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level
           

Environmental Science: Chapter 18 Study Guide
 Answer all questions below on your own sheet of paper.  These are due the day after the test.


1)      What are some disadvantages to using biomass fuel?
2)      Are wind turbines cost-effective?  How long do they take to build?
3)      Define renewable energy.
4)      Is biomass fuel currently being used?  How?
5)      In what type of area is geothermal energy produced?
6)      What makes us predict that Hydrogen can be used as a fuel source in the future?
7)      What about the boiling point of water allows ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) to work?
8)      Define cogeneration and give one example.
9)      Define/explain the following energy sources:
a.       Passive Solar Heating
b.      Active Solar Heating
c.       Photovoltaic Cell
d.      Fuel Cell
e.       Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
10)    What are the three main types of renewable energy?
11)    Name a disadvantage of wind energy.
12)    What is/are major source(s) of biomass fuel in developing countries?
13)    How does a geothermal power plant get energy?
14)    What is a disadvantage of hydroelectric energy?
15)    What are some examples of alternative energy sources?
16)    Can geothermal heat pumps be used to heat homes?  If yes, how?
17)    Define energy conversion.
18)    Name one disadvantage of ocean thermal energy conversion.
19)    In what type of renewable energy source would you expect a heat exchanger to be used?


Notice the technology required

Southern facing windows in the Norther Hemisphere will allow increased sunlight during Winter months

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